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关于晋察冀区军事工作处理情况向中央的报告

作者:朱 德 来源:《新湘评论》2018年第21期 发布日期:2019年08月29日 10时20分59秒 编辑:redcloud

 

 

 

 

 

 

关于晋察冀区军事工作处理情况向中央的报告

 

(一九四七年六月一日)

 

 

中央:

 

  我们到此已经一个月零七天,尚未向你们作系统的报告,现将军事方面的初步处理向你们报告,土地改革及财经另报。

 

  我们于五月三号到平山属的封城与聂、萧、罗1会面,商定由聂召集纵队一级的会议一次,旅级的会议一次,团级的会议一次,均以此次南线战役2为中心,作了较有自我批评的检讨。最后也召集了中央局的几次会议。在这些会议与个别谈话中,我们认识的状况如下:

 

  (一)纵队与旅一级干部全是长征干部,各方面军都有,一军团3的较多,政治干部有少数是抗战时期的,惟负担过重;团级营级老干部少,抗战时期的干部多;连排级因战斗频繁损失过重,战士中提升的战术指挥较差。战士中成分好,俘虏只占十分之一二,技术已提高,能打村落城市堡垒战,能使用炸药、手榴弹及炮,均很勇敢。

 

  (二)野战军4组织头重,尚未脱离抗战时期游击队地方军范围,后方庞大,出征人员少,号称野战军十二万人中最多时亦只能出征七万人。这种组织不适合于野战军。

 

  (三)上级指挥不好,自张家口退出5后,一切组织均混乱不堪。对敌人只是应付的,军区工作未建立,野战军也是临时凑成,也未形成便于作战的主力。

 

  (四)供给补充也是紊乱的,撤张家口后一般供给标准都提得很高,以致大公家经常无钱发。又加以在建立生产运动口号下,各自为政,团以上的各级机关,都有一笔财产。平时有贪污腐化的,战时有发洋财的,纪律也因之普遍的坏,打人骂人也相当的多,军政军民的关系也不好。我们分析以上的状况,得出这样概念:部队成分是很好的,干部也是好的,有红军传统,战斗经验多,技术也相当的好,惟战术一般的差,上级指挥,各级都不满意。我们的处理,在这几次会议中,即刻对以上的毛病,从组织上改变了指挥系统:(1)改组野战军。(2)建立军区后勤部。萧克回军区统一指挥军区工作。赵尔陆6兼后勤部长,黄敬7兼政委,统一供给、卫生、兵站、运输、交通、补充新兵、训练俘虏等工作,使野战军脱去后方勤务工作,割去大尾巴,不做生产,商店归公。改组野战军,杨得志8为野战军司令员,罗瑞卿为政委,杨成武9为第二政委,统率野战军之三个纵队。已请中央批示。

 

  如此改变,部队轻快有力,能灵活使用,只管训练与打仗两件事,增加战斗人员,各级干部均拥护,认为这一改变,一定可以搞好。也经过中央局会议通过,这些组织已分别着手,进行改变。罗、杨、杨三个同志是此间优秀的干部,能担负此责任的,平时训练战时指挥,均能胜任愉快。军区后勤工作的建立,用一切力量支援前线,恐难一时做得好,因为过去军区太庞大、复杂,小家务、各自为政是普遍的现象。虽已决定改组,一定还有许多阻碍,当设法推动进行,以期收得速效。 

 

 

 

注 释

 

  〔1〕聂指聂荣臻,当时任中共晋察冀中央局书记、晋察冀军区司令员兼政治委员。萧指萧克,当时任晋察冀军区副司令员。罗指罗瑞卿,当时任中共晋察冀中央局副书记、晋察冀军区副政治委员兼政治部主任。

 

  〔2〕这里所说的南线战役指正太战役。一九四七年四月九日至五月四日,晋察冀野战军向石家庄(旧属正定府获鹿县)至太原的铁路(正太线)沿线的国民党军队发起进攻,先后攻克正定、栾城、井陉、娘子关、阳泉、平定、寿阳、盂县等地,歼敌三万五千余人,切断了太原与石家庄之敌的联系,使晋察冀和晋冀鲁豫解放区联成一片,孤立了石家庄的国民党守军。

 

  〔3〕这里所说的一军团指第二次国内革命战争时期的中国工农红军第一军团。

 

  〔4〕晋察冀野战军成立于一九四六年九月,归晋察冀军区领导,司令员为萧克,政治委员为罗瑞卿。同年十二月,野战军司令部与军区机关合并。一九四七年五月重新组建野战军指挥机关。

 

  〔5〕一九四六年九月,驻北平(今北京)的国民党军第十一战区部队沿平绥路(今京包线)西犯晋察冀解放区首府张家口,被晋察冀军区部队阻止于怀来一线。十月七日,集结于大同、集宁一带的国民党军第十二战区部队,乘张家口西北方向我军兵力空虚之际,以主力由集宁向张家口西北迂回,并于八日袭占了张北。十一日,敌军突入张家口,我军主力回援不及,遂于当日撤出该城。

 

  〔6〕赵尔陆,当时任晋察冀军区参谋长。

 

  〔7〕黄敬,当时任晋察冀军区副政治委员。

 

  〔8〕杨得志,原任晋察冀野战军第二纵队司令员。

 

  〔9〕杨成武,原任晋察冀野战军第三纵队司令员。

 

 根据《朱德军事文选》刊印

 

 

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